The racism denier in charge of defending black rights in Brazil
Jair Bolsonaro isn't new to controversial hires.
When Damares Alves was appointed Minister of Women, Family and Human Rights, she proclaimed that this was a "new era in Brazil: boys wear blue and girls wear pink".
"Nobody will stop us calling girls princesses and boys princes, we are going to end this abuse of ideological indoctrination," she said in her inaugural speech as minister.
Her supporters cheered; her detractors saw her as outdated. And her controversial views on expanding rights for women continues.
Alves, who is also an evangelical pastor, opposes abortion and she's recently backed a campaign to encourage abstinence in an effort to bring down a stubbornly high rate of teenage pregnancies in Brazil.
But Jair Bolsonaro's government likes to stir. He's ripping up the way politics is done in Brazil. And has done it again with another divisive appointment: Sergio Camargo.
Victim mentality
This week, the president confirmed that Mr Camargo, a black journalist, would head up the Palmares Cultural Foundation. The influential government-funded institute is responsible for promoting and preserving the cultural, historic, social and economic values of black society in Brazil.
Mr Camargo describes himself on social media as a "black right-winger, an anti-victimist" - he's also denied real racism exists in Brazil, comparing it to the US where he considers it a serious problem.
Sergio Camargo's appointment was contentious from the start. His nomination was suspended at the end of last year after huge criticism. But earlier this week, the Supreme Court overruled the decision, allowing him to take up the role and paving the way for Mr Bolsonaro to reinstate him.
Mr Camargo responded to the news, calling it a "defeat for the racists on the left - the victory of a black person who thinks for himself and is free."
Nutella racism
In a social media post last year, he used the term "Nutella racism" to describe the problem in Brazil. It's a disparaging phrase designed to put down the younger generation - substitute Nutella for avocado toast in the English-speaking world perhaps and you get the gist.
"Black people complain because they are stupid and misinformed by the left," he said in the post. He has argued that "Brazil needs a black movement that is free with its opinions and political choices otherwise the victim mentality of the left will prevail".
Bolsonaro's son Eduardo also tweeted after the appointment, arguing that his work would be "immensely important in the fight against the handcuffs of ideological slavery that Brazil is subjected to".
But racial justice academics from the Brazilian Centre of Analysis and Planning said they viewed his nomination with "fear and indignation", arguing that "he didn't represent the anti-racist organisations and civil groups that have built this space over the past decades".
Sergio Camargo's attitude is a minority view now but one that many in Brazil used to share - this idea that the country was a racial democracy, a place where there was little or no racism unlike the US or Europe.
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"A lot of people believed the national ideology that there was little or no racism," says sociologist Edward Telles. Attitudes changed, especially after the World Conference against Racism in South Africa in 2001, he says.
"Before that, people hardly mentioned race, it was a taboo subject. Then there was this tidal wave and it completely changed," adds Dr Telles. "After that, by the mid- to late-2000s, it was clear that few people believed that."
But these people exist - and now they sit in positions of power.
Bolsonaro 'a true disaster'
Jair Bolsonaro has himself defended Brazil's slave trade - the biggest in the Americas.
"The Portuguese didn't even set foot in Africa," he said, erroneously, in a television interview before being elected in 2018. "It was the Africans themselves who handed the slaves over."
Ana-Lucia Araujo, a Brazilian Professor of History at Howard University in Washington DC, says that Mr Camargo's appointment "is an attempt to destroy what was conquered by Afro-Brazilians and Brazilian black movements since the end of the military dictatorship.
"The current government is a true disaster regarding the fight against racism and racial inequalities that are at heart of Brazilian history."
Indigenous rights under threat too
This is second controversial appointment made in the past week.
A former evangelical missionary, Ricardo Lopes Dias, was also named head of the government department that protects isolated indigenous tribes from contact with non-indigenous people. His previous role as a missionary aimed to convert those communities to Christianity.
Again, it's an appointment that has come under attack.
"It's clearly deliberate. Bolsonaro knows exactly what he's doing. He is putting the fox in charge of the hen house," says Jonathan Mazower of Survival International.
"It is such a naked assault, an overt and explicit assault on the consensus of the last three or four decades which has been all about protecting such peoples who are incredibly vulnerable to outsiders bringing in diseases quite apart from the violent attacks that many of them have suffered in the past," adds Mr Mazower.
Bolsonaro's administration often accuses previous leftist governments of sowing divisions in Brazil that never existed. But so far his attempts to unite Brazilians seem to have failed.
The purpose of this paper is to present the development of legislative protection of cultural heritage in Brazil. We chose to broaden the discussion, as a starting point on the definition of cultural heritage and its regulation internationally to achieve Brazil's legal system, focusing specifically on Rio de Janeiro and making it relevant in the contemporary world For making. Our law chapter includes the draft Mario de Andrade, Decree-law 35/1937; Federal Constitution and Decree 3551/2000 of 1988. We clarify the legal treatment of the subject in Rio de Janeiro; The former seat of the Kingdom of Brazil and a former federal capital, is filled with monuments and cultural conservation areas. ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to present the legislative development of the preservation of cultural heritage in Brazil. We chose to expand the discussion, from the beginning of the definition of cultural heritage and its regulation internationally, to acquiring Brazil's legal system, particularly Rio de Janeiro, and making it relevant in the contemporary world. Our law chapters include early drafts of Mario D. Andrade, Decree-Law 35/1937, 1988 Federal Constitution and Decree 3551/2000. In a specific chapter, we explain the legal treatment given to the subject in the areas of Rio de Janeiro, the former headquarters of the empire and former federal capital, rich in monuments and cultural preservation.
Please summarize the main achievements and challenges in a maximum of 3500 characters to implement the Convention and the vision for the future. Please note that this is not an introduction to the report or annotated table of contents.
In Brazil, the 2005 Convention contributed to the establishment of a national legal framework, which upheld public policies protecting and promoting a wide variety of cultural expressions, such as the law n such 13018/2014, as the "Cultura Viva" national Constitutes policy; Law N Law 12853/2013, which changes the legal framework of copyright policy with the introduction of its collective management; Law n Law 12761/2012 which institutes a workers-culture program, known as Vale-Cultura [culture vouchers]; And its regulation, in 2015, by Decree EN 5820/2006, which operates the Brazilian System of Terrestrial Digital Television with four new public channels.
The challenges proposed by the Convention have also contributed to the process of formulating guidelines and reflections about the preservation and promotion of cultural diversity in Brazil, by coalitions and exchanges with civil society about public cultural policies. It was also important to strengthen and expand understanding and appreciation by society on the larger role of the developmental role of culture, as a result, of public cultural policies as vectors of sustainable development.
One of the challenges to the 2005 Convention's implementation in Brazil is the difficulty in establishing a process of effective integration between other government sectors based on the transitory character of the culture. Another challenge is the skewed assimilation of strategic principles and goals of diversity by civil society and federal territories (union, states, and municipalities), largely driven by the fact that the expression "cultural diversity" consolidated after the 2001 Universal Declaration it was done. Cultural diversity which is linked to cultural pluralism and human rights. Hanes, the Ministry of Culture is taking advantage of many opportunities to meet with civil society and raise awareness and debate about the goals of the Convention across the country.
For the foreseeable future, the government is working towards the reform of the National System of Cultural Indicators and Information, which collects, codifies and interprets data, provides methodology and allows formulation, measuring cultural activities and sociocultural demands. Gives, establishes parameters to monitor. , Management and evaluation of public policies for culture as well as cultural policies.
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